[5] In addition to its magnitude and direction, astigmatism may also be classified based on its symmetry. Regular astigmatism is symmetric around the visual axis and classically shows a "bow tie ...

Types of astigmatism There are two types of astigmatism, regular and irregular. Irregular astigmatism is often caused by a corneal scar or "scattering" in the eye’s crystalline lens. While this ...

Ophthalmologists must embrace corneal diagnostics to select the proper patient for premium multifocal IOLs, according to a ...