The GCC’s dollar peg is conventionally explained by three pillars: dollar-invoiced oil, Treasury-recycled surpluses, and imported Federal Reserve credibility. This paper argues that account mislocates ...

Mirroring region-wide trends, Turkey has adopted a policy of bridge-building across the Middle East in recent years. The main drivers behind Turkey’s new orientation are economic imperatives, a ...

The Gulf states’ trade relations are in transition. While making progress on diversifying their economies, they continue to seek a balance between hydrocarbon exports and post-oil industries, as well ...

Industrial policy, which is the proactive effort by governments to support strategic industries, is experiencing a global resurgence after years of neglect. However, even when interest waned globally, ...

This paper explores the evolution of Yemen’s power dynamics and highlights how factions vie for control and perpetuate cycles of conflict. It explores competing groups’ motives and factors that enable ...

Domestic Dynamics Are Central to U.S. War Policy: The Iran war highlighted the importance of domestic dynamics in shaping U.S. war policy. Public support and political unity are now just as important ...

Abandoning Non-Alignment: The principle of “neither East nor West” as the main foreign policy pillar of post-revolutionary Iran is no longer relevant. In other words, non-alignment as the basis of the ...

Endnote 1 Multi-stage flash (MSF): A thermal desalination process that distills seawater by “flashing” water, or evaporating then rapidly depressurizing it and condensing the steam into distilled ...

A Key Opportunity for Regional Cooperation: Iraq’s Development Road Project provides a driver for economic prosperity that could benefit the entire region, tapping into synergies and connectivity with ...

Structural and Financial Issues Weigh Heavily on Sudan’s Energy Sector: The sector is structurally weak, highly centralized, and underfunded, with aging infrastructure and inefficient, state-dominated ...

Profound Economic Hurdles after the 2014 Energy Crisis: Despite prior robust growth of the Saudi economy, fueled by the energy sector, a sharp decline in oil prices, exacerbated by factors such as the ...

The Horn of Africa is Vital to Gulf Interests: The Horn has become a key area in the foreign policies of the Arab Gulf states, particularly the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. This is ...