Abdominal wall hernias through a standard midline laparotomy occur at high rates, in the range of 10%. Primary repair of such hernia defects has been associated with recurrence rates in the range of ...

Expert opinions vary on what a typical colostomy output should be, but some suggest an average of 500 milliliters (2 cups) per day. Changes in stoma output or consistency could signal a complication.

Irrigation for a colostomy is an option for managing your stoma output. It could allow you to avoid a colostomy bag, but it’s an optional practice. Share on Pinterest digicomphoto/Getty Images ...