Epinephrine and norepinephrine are hormones and neurotransmitters that help the body respond to stress or fear. Epinephrine increases heart rate and opens airways during emergencies. Norepinephrine ...

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small region of the brainstem that produces norepinephrine, a chemical with powerful effects on arousal and wakefulness which plays an important role in the body's ...

A sustained state of vigilance will generate a different type of memory than a momentary startle, and these differences are linked to distinct signaling molecules in the brains of mice. Researchers at ...

Norepinephrine-producing neurons in the locus coeruleus, a small nucleus in the brainstem, have been discovered to have two distinct types of cells that connect linearly via gap junctions -- novel ...

The neuromodulator norepinephrine has an unexpected, direct action on auditory processing of complex signals, specifically bird songs in the zebra finch, new research suggests. For neuroscientists ...

Previous work has demonstrated the importance of genetic factors and stress-sensitive circuits in the development of affective disorders. Anxiety and numerous psychological disorders are comorbid with ...

Our most popular blog post last year was all about dopamine, the sexiest of the brain’s chemical signals involved in ADHD. Dopamine is sexy, and has even become a bit of an internet meme, because of ...