In algebra, letters are used when numbers are not known. Algebraic terms, such as \(2s\) or \(8y\), leave the multiplication signs out. So rather than \(2 \times s\), write \(2s\), and rather than \(8 ...

Algebraic structures provide a comprehensive framework for understanding systems governed by operations such as addition and multiplication. In this context, noncommutative rings—where the order of ...