Evidence from 2 systematic reviews and 4 further randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that botulinum toxin type A injection is less effective than surgery, no better or worse than topical ...

Medical therapy is an established first-line approach for the treatment of patients with chronic anal fissure; however, the efficacy of individual agents versus placebo remains to be proven in this ...

A 2012 Cochrane systematic review (assessed as up to date September 2011, Nelson et al. 2012) investigated non-surgical therapy for anal fissure. A second systematic review of clinical trials ...