The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart. The IVC has no valves, which means that blood is pulled forward by the diaphragm's contraction. Conditions ...

Varicocele affects 9–15% of men, and is the most common cause of male infertility. This disorder is often treated surgically, but several minimally invasive techniques for percutaneous gonadal-vein ...