Everybody knows about Pavlov’s dogs—the pooches who taught us about conditioning by being trained to salivate at the sound of the bell. But what kind of dog did he use? Easily trainable German ...

In Ivan Pavlov’s famous experiments conditioning dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, timing mattered. The quicker the food followed the bell, the stronger the dog’s response the next time it rang ...

For a primer on consciousness and the brain, click here. When students first learn about Pavlov's dogs—dogs that learned to salivate to the sound of a bell (the "conditioned stimulus") when the bell ...

Use precise geolocation data and actively scan device characteristics for identification. This is done to store and access information on a device and to provide personalised ads and content, ad and ...

Edward Wasserman does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...