Trump, who has imposed 25% tariffs on almost all products imported from Canada, has repeatedly said this year that the US has a “$200 billion” trade deficit with Canada – sometimes making the claim explicitly and sometimes using vaguer language about a supposed $200 billion subsidy or loss to Canada.

The tariff actions, which could upend nearly $2.2 trillion in two-way annual U.S. trade, went live hours after Trump declared that all three countries had failed to do enough to stem the flow of the deadly fentanyl opioid.

Canada, Mexico and China are hitting back with retaliatory tariffs. The moves raised fears of higher prices for U.S. consumers and a trade war.